Manufacture of articles of cellulose esters and of their compositions



MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF GELLULOSE ESTERS AND OF THEIR COMPOSITIONS Filed NOV. 25, 1926 /m w w om Patented Oct. 16, 192.8. r i j 88, UNITED. STATE-S PATENT orrl-uclf..`

EEVIE W. SCHWARTZ, OF NEW YORK, N.v IY., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO UNITED CHROMIUM, INCORPORATED, F NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

llIANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF CELLULOSE ETERS AND 0F THEIR' COMPOSITIONS.

Application filed November 23, 1926.- Sel-iai No; 150,364.

This invention relates to the manufacture operation does not maintain its lustre (the or working of articles of cellulose-esters and nickel tarnishing), it is very ditlicult','expen of their compositions/and the like, such aS- sive and troublesome to prepare same free photographic films, celluloid products and from surface imperfectionsandon the whole the like, voi'ers a surface which is amenable to scratch- 50 The invention provides a method whereby ing from. the doctor knife, peeling of the. improved products are obtained and greater nickel, and shows a tendency for the film mafacility obtained in the manufacture of such terial to stick to the nickel causing much products. g waste, expense and delay.

In the.manufacture of celluloid, photo- Chromium or chromium alloy surfaces 0b-. 65 graphic films, and other nitrocellulose prodviate these diiiculties. The chroniium,may ucts careful control of temperature, humidbe plated directly on the base metal or it may ity, concentrations of solutions, etc. are very be plated ve a layer of copper or over` the important factors in determining the quality two layers of copper and nickel. Such a surof the resulting product. Other important face because of itsresistance to wear, its re- 70 features are the materials used as containers, markab'le adherence to the metal it is plated rolls, conveyors, etc., in such equipment as is 0n, and because of its high lustre and loss,l necessary to handle the various solutions in' makes itan ideal surface for such wordt. the manufacturing operations for such prodkIn addition to the vabove advanta es it has nets, i the property of not causing the. so utions to 75 The surface of materials entering into the stick to it or gum, thereby facilitating cleanconstruction of the apparatus must be resisting of equipment, resulting in material savant to the chemicals used, they must be' duralng of solvents, now a considerable expense ble, inexpensive and above vall not cause stickin the industry.

g5 ing, or gumming of the viscous emulsions and Similarly in the celluloid sheet industry 80 solutions used in the making up of the final where celluloid stock is polished between product. Such a contact surface is gotten polished nickel plated sheets of metal in hyby the use of chromium or chromium alloy draulic steam presses, wherein said stockis equipment, heated by steam until the material is plastic,

By electroplating chromium or an alloy and high pressure applied on the sandwiched 85 thereof on such metal surfaces as iron, steel, sheets so that the glossy surface of the nickel silver, brass, copper, nickel or other metals is pressed against the celluloid imparting the a surface is produced which is hard, durable, necessary polish to the latter, the advantages wear resistant, corrosion resistant and in ad- 0f chromium or chromium alloyed surfaces dition to all these advantages is also capable /are evident.

of taking, a hivh'lustrous, smooth finish. The nickel plated sheets tarnish, are easil In the' film industry, for example, where Scratched,pee1 and blister oit the base meta celluloid film baseis manufactured and where cause thecelluloid stock to stick to them, pre-- the ilm base must be perfectly smooth, glossy venting proper stripping, and offer operat- 40 and free from any imperfection as far as texing difficulties which are eliminated by the f ture is Concerned S0 that; the pictures prouse of chromium o'r chromiumalloy surface. diiced from same shall be free from blots, An embodiment cfa tool ormiplement acblurs, etc., the formation and finishing of such cording to the present inventionis lllustrated. material on chromium plated rolls, mandrels in the accompanying drawing, whichv shows and the 'like presents a very practical, eco- 1n cross-section a steam-heated roller such as 100 nomical and desirable solution to a problem .uSed'in finlShing-the SllI-CE 0f PhOOgI-Phic which has existed for many years. film-base.I .Y i

The practice in the art at the present time Referring to said drawing, numeral 10 is to use a steel or cast iron drum, which has designates the roller 0f a suitable foundation been turned down to be smooth and true. metal', as for example steel or cast iron. The '105 This is then copper plated, and`v polished to surface of this is coatedv with a plate of elecproduce a surface having the desired propertrodeposited chromium 20. The roller under ties. This surface is then nickel plated and the Chromium plate 2() is however prefellably again polished. The resulting surface is then first coated with a metal softerl than-the ready to use. Such a roll when placed in chromium electrodeposit, preferably nickel. 11o

,5 the plates 14, 16

smooth where the roll or other part is tobe A used for finishing the cellulose-ester product with a smooth even surface, as for example where a very fine, even, smooth surface 1s to be givenl a photographic film-base. This is preferably effected Lby highly polishing the surfaeeon which the chromium plate is decording to 'known processes' which ive a 4smooth-fine qualityV plate which fait fully .'represents the surface of the underlyinginished surface. [Where `the chromium is deposited on'the steel surface, for example,

the steel 'surface is highly."l finished. ,VVherev-A the'foundation metal is coated withp'a softer metal before chromium plating, has for examplfe nickel, the high polish is imparted to the ctible to taking a very hi h'polish.

' As heretofore ointe out, chromium electrodeposits have t e advantage ,f not sticking to the pasty cellulose-esters and their compositions, of withstanding tarnishing by -such p compounds and their-solvents, of -maintainposited, and` thechromium is deposited ac.

nickel, soft metals such as nickel being suscep' Aing a perfect smooth, even lSurface, and of being exceptionally durable.

- The inventlon may receive'other embodiments than that herein illustrated and specically described. f

What is claimed is 1. The method of finishing cellulose deriva'-l tive products and the like, comprising sub-. jecting the same to contact between tools or implementshaving a chromium surface.

2. The method of manufacturing cellulose derivative products and the like, comprising forming the cellulose-derivative material upon tools or implements having a chromium surface.

3. The method of manufacturing cellulose derivative products and the like, comprising forming the celluloseederivative material upon tools or implements having a chromium surface, said chromium surface being electrodeposited chromium.

4. The method of .making ing nitrocellulose which comprises producing a solution of the material of which the article .is to be composed, contacting said solution `with a chromium surface of proper shapeto form the desired solvent. l

,In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed article and evaporating the W. SCHWARTZ.v

. Y l articles contain- 

